Cure of chlorofluorocarbon elastomer



2,944,927; CURE F CHLOROFLUOROCARBON. ELASTOMER v ie S e am Lucian P. Dosmann, South Bend,Ind., ns'signorto United States Rubber Company, New York, NY, a corporationof New Jersey" a s 8 Claims. (Cl. 154-100) This invention relates to a method of accelerating the cure of a rubbery copolymer of monochlorotrifluoro abandoned; i I

The monochlorotrifluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride elastomer is a commercially available type. of synthetic rubber (sold under the trade name Kel-F) described,

for example, in an article by M. ,E. Conroy etal. entitled, l:

Kel-F Elastomer Properties, Compounding Vulcanization and Fabrication, appearing in the January, 1955 is sue of Rubber Age, pages 543-550, as well as in the article entitled, Compounding Studies of Kel-F Elastomer by Griffis and Montermoso', appearing in the July, 1955 issue of Rubber Age, pages 559 562. This elastomer is a-saturated polymer containing more than 50% fluorine byweight. Methylenegroups-are incorporated in the highly fluorinatedpolymer chain, 'therebyre'nder ing the otherwise normally rigid chain elastic. The polymer chain is believed to consist essentially of CH CF and CFCl groups. X-ray diagrams show that this 'polymer is amorphous at temperatures "as low as 40' C.

On stretching to 300%, typical fiber diagrams are observed, indicating susceptibility to orientation and crystal formation. The polymer has good thermal stability, as

shown by the fact that there. is no evidence of scission or halogen loss after prolonged exposure at 440 F.

Typical commercial polymersof this type contain chlorotrifluorethylene and vinylidene fluoride in about equal amounts. Other monomer ratios, such as 60% monochlorotrifluoroethylene and 40% vinylidene fluoride, 30% monochlorotrifluoroethylene and 70% vinylidene fluoride, or 95% monochlorotrifluoroethylene and 5% vinyliden fluoride are also used.

Because this elastomer is fully saturated, it is not readily vulcanized by normal rubber curatives. However, it can be vulcanized with peroxides and certain other agents. Although the chemistry of this vulcanization is 7 not fully understood, the marked increase in strength and solvent resistance after cure indicates that elastomer undergoes during cure a chemical change, producing a network or cross-linked type of structure.

The conventional peroxide cure of monochlorotrifluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride elastomer has a serious practical disadvantage, in that it is extremely difi'icult to cure even thin films of the elastomer without blowing or development of porosity, since volatile peroxide decomposition products having difliculty in difiusing to surface of the stock as rap-idly as they are formed. The cured products tend to have an unsatisfactory appearance and poor physical properties, because of thevoids or bubbles formed during the peroxide cure. To mitigate this disadvantage it has been recommended to carry out the cure I No Drawing. Filed May 15,'1 959,Ser. No.813,344

2,944,927 Patented July 12, 1960 very slowly, for example, it is suggested to initiate the cure by heating for 30 minutes at 230 F. in a mold, after which the cure is completed by heating the article in an oven at 300 F. for prolonged periods, of up to 16 hours, depending on the thickness of the article. a The necessity for such impracticably prolonged curing conditionshas seriously limited the development of useful commercial products from the mono'chlorotrifluoroethyl- 'ene-vinylid'ene fluoride elastomer.

Accordingly, a principal object of the present invention is "to provide a more rapid cure of monochlorotrifluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride elastomer. Another oh- 1 ject is the provision of a curing method for such elastomer which yields a homogeneous vulcanizate of good physical properties. Still a further object is to provide a method of vulcanizing the present elastomer at essentially the same rate as other rubbers are vulcanized. Other objects and advantages will be made manifest in the following detailed description of the invention.

. The invention is based on the unexpected discovery that if the peroxide cure of monochlorotrifluoroethylenevinylidene fluoride elastomer is carried out in the presence of N, N-methylenebisacrylamide as an accelerator, jthe vulcanization can be effected rapidly without detriment *to the physical properties. This accelerator is a' known,

commercially available chemical and has the following formula NHo0oH=om NHCOCHCH2 and is a stable powder which may be milled into or otherwise mixed with the present rubber in any desired suitable manner. The amount of the N,N'-metl1ylenebis'acrylamide accelerator employed is not critical, and it may be vention. In general any conventional peroxide curative, whether organic or inorganic, may be used. Examples of suitable peroxides are disclosed in US. Patent 2,833,752, Honn et al., May 6, 1958. The peroxides employed are relatively stable at the temperature at which the elastomer is conventionally compounded, that is, the peroxide is relatively stable at temperatures below about 50 C. Benzoyl peroxide is preferred, but good results are also obtainable with di-tertiary-butyl peroxide at slightly higher curing temperatures. Less preferred are butyl hydroperoxide, dicumyl peroxide, calcium peroxide, and sodium peroxide. Tertiary-butyl perbenzoate, 2,2-di- (tertiary butyl peroxy) propane and 2,2-di(tertiary-butyl peroxy) butane may also be mentioned. Tertiary-butyl peracetate, succinic acid peroxide, or hydrogen peroxide may also be used. Conventionally the peroxide cure is also preferably activated with the aid of metal oxides such as zinc, calcium, aluminum and lead oxide, and lead salts, such as dibasic lead phosphite, tribasic lead maleate, and tribasie lead sulfate. Zinc oxide is especially preferred, since it imparts smooth processing characteristics along with minimum scorching tendencies. These oxides or salts are also preferably employed in the present invention. They may be used in conventional, noncritical amounts, e.g., 3 parts or more, preferably about 10 parts, although very large amounts, such as 50 or more parts, may be used to function as a filler or pigment. The vulcanizable mixture may further contain various other suitable conven- :tional compounding ingredients if desired, such as fillers (e,.g., precipitated silica, zinc oxide, carbon black), soften A The curing condie.g., molded, extruded, or calendered) elastomer may 7 and kind of curingmaterials, and depending on the exact properties and degree of cure desired in the final article, and also depending on the particular equipment and procedure used, as well-as the size of the article and other variables. In general, it may be stated that useful cures are obtainable over much the same time and temperature ranges as may be employed in ordinary ubber vulcanization, e.g.,' curing times of from about 5 minutes to 24 hours at temperatures of from about 150 to 350 F, the longer times being employed with the lower temperatures;

A particularly advantageous aspect 'of the invention lies in the factthat by the use of the N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide acceleration of the peroxide cure as described, it is possible to cure the-monochlorotrifluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride elastomer in essentially. the

-- same curing cycle as would be suitable-for ordinary .rubber composition, and to cure the resulting assembly in such manner that both the present elastomer and the other rubber both achieve the desired degree of cure and have good physical properties. Formerly, the peroxide cure of monochlorotrifluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride elastomer, without the accelerator of the invention, required the article to be heated for such prolonged periods of time that an ordinary rubber composition associated with the monochlorotrifluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride elastomer would become severely over-cured or reverted, and would have unsatisfactory properties. Also,

it was not feasible, in accordance with prior practice, to

cure the monochlorotrifluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride v elastomer in association with fabric, such as cotton fabric, because the severe conditions of required time and temperature caused extensive degradation of the fabric.

' jjTheelastomer employed in this example was a com- The present method is readily applicable to curing mono- 'chlorotrifluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride elastomer calrubber vulcanizates produced by the method of the invention display good resistance to various solvents and reactive chemical agents; This renders the vulcanizates useful in making such articles as protective clothing, for example, boots, gloves, aprons,'etc., for use by workers handling highly dangerous and reactive chemicals, including acids and strong oxidizing agents, such as fuming nitric acid. The vulcanizates are also useful for lining tanks and the like used for storing or processing solvents and other chemicals, such as fuel cells for gasoline, etc. Collapsible rubber containers or barrels for storing or transporting liquid or solid chemicals may be made of the present vulcanizates. In such articles the vulcanizate may be reinforced if desired by laminating with fabric or other materials in the same manner that conventional rubber boots are provided with a fabric lining or conventional fuel cells are provided with embedded layers' of fabric. In constructing such articles it is also sometimes advantageous to laminate or otherwise apply layers 'of other rubbers or plastics, such as natural rubber or synthetic rubbers such as GR-S or Butyl rubber, for the purpose of securing fabric layers in the assembly more firmly, or for other purposes ln this case, the abovementioned features of the invention, whereby the accelerator enables other rubbers to be cured in the same curing cycle that produces optimum cure of the monochloro- A rifluoroethylenegvinylidene fluoride rubber, may be used es d clv nt s Although the N, N"-methylenebi sacrylamide is referred to herein, as an accelerator of the peroxide cure of monochlorotrifluoroethylene vinylidine fluoride elastomer, it is not intended by the use of the word accelerator to limit the invention to any particular mechanism or theory of operation, but the term accelerator is merely used in a general sense in recognition of the observed-fact that the time of cure can be very much shortened when the N,N-methylenebisacrylamide is present, while still avoiding porosity and while achieving good physical and chemical properties in the final vulcanizate. In a sense, the N,N"-methylenebisacrylamide might also be regarded as an activator of the cure, or even as a supplementary curing agent. ,v a

The following examples, in which all parts are expressed by weight, will serve to illustrate the practice of the invention in more detail. 7

EXAMPLE I rnercial material known as Kel-F, X-300 or 5500 (chloroti'iillioroethylene/vinylidene fluoride, 60/40), made by the M.fW. Kellogg Company, having the form of a gum of the following properties:

Specific gravity 1.85.

Fluorine content 50%.

Color Translucent, off-white. Tensile (p.s.i.) 300-600. Elongation (percent) 600-800.

Shore A Hardness 40-45.

-Intrinsic viscosity (methyl- "ethylketone), 30 C. 2-3.

Solubility (20% cements) Ketones, esters, ethers. f Storage Two years.

gum was mixed on a rubber mill with other in- ,gredients, to provide the stock A shown in Table I, below. "The elastomer was suitably milled at a mill roll tempera- ",ture of -150" F. Zinc oxide and N,N-methylenebisacrylamide were added and blended in by milling. The peroxide was then added and blended by further milling. The compound was then sheeted from the mill (face roll temperature F.) or calender. The stock was then cured in anoven under the conditions set forth in Table I.

The physical properties of the resulting vulcanizate were 'then determined, with the results shown in Table I. For

comparison, Table I also shows the results reported for compounds, yet the stock containing the accelerator of the invention had 14 hours less cure. Furthermore, the accelerated compound of the invention attained these physicalproperties rapidly in a single stage oven cure,

without any necessity for a two-stage cure involving a pre-cure in a, press.

The rate of cure obtained with the accelerated stock "of the invention is equivalent to the rate of cure of natural rubber, therebymaking it possible to cure properly a boot laminate made using natural rubber substrates and amonochlorotrifluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride rubber exterior cover.

in accordance with the invention can be varied over a wide range depending on the quantity of the N,N-methyl- Tab lel' ACCELERATION WITH N,N"-ME THYLENEBISAO- RYLAMIDE Parts Ingredients Stock A Stock B Kel-F elastomer X-300 or 5500 100 100 Benzoyl peroxide 3 3 Zine oxide (Kadox) l 10 ,10 N,N'-Methylenebisaerylamide 6 CURING oon rrrous Press Cure:

Time (minutes) none 30 Temperature F.). r 230 Oven Cure:

Time (hours) 218 16 Temperature C F.) 270 I 300 PHYSICAL PRoPERTins AFTER CURE Tensile strength (p.s.i.) -Q 1, 193 1, 350 Elongation (percent) 467 500 Stress at 300g, elongation (p.s. r 681 530 Hardness (S ore A) 52 47 enebisaerylamide and the length of cure used. This is sure) with the results shown in the table.

I I Talilej ll EFFECT OF QUANTITY OF N,N''

METHYLENEBISACBYLAMIDE hour cures with 5 to 10, parts of the accelerator of the invention increase the tensile strength with a. correspondwas used in fabricating a 1 6 very high modulus '(1800 p.s.i.) is reached inthe 2.8-

V G H I K L M Kel-F elastomer (trade designatlon -183) I00 100 100 100 100 t 100 Benzoyl peroxide- '3 1 3 3 3 3 2. Zine oxide (Kadox) 10 10 10 10 10 10 N,N-Methylenebisacrylarn e. 6 6 6 6 6 5 Polyisobutylene (Trade designation Vistanex B-100) Polyethylene (Commercial grade known as DYLT Polyethylene (Commercial grade known as AO-fi 10 Vinyl ethyl ether 10 Bistrifluoromethyl h n n 10 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES V Tensile strength (p.s.l.). 1,193 660 1, 305 815 525 648 Elongation at break (percent) 467 415 380 505 475 668 Modulus at 100% elongation (p.s.i.) 120 530 175 111 Modulus at 200% elongation I (p.s.l. 1 760 438 Modulus at 700% elongation (p.s.i.) 557 The modifiers shown in Table III were added to improve I the processing of the elastomer and to mitigate any tendency of the green film to crack under stress. Such stress cracking prevalent in the conventional I monochlorotrifluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride elastomer compositions when stretched 'across the vamp area in making boots. The stock I in Table 111, containing polyethylene, showed the greatest resistance to fracture at stress points, and

EXAMPLE i i a This example illustrates the press curing of the mono- Ingredients N i p chlorotrifluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride elastomer, us-

-Stock(', stocks). s ock}; st c p ing the accelerator of the invention. The two recipes 7 t v shown in Table IV were cured in the form of /2 inch Kel-F elastomer C-183- .100 r 100 100 t 100 thick plugs in a press for 5 minutes at 300 F. This is ffglgfg g ggg I 10 p a m 10 t m contrast with the recommended press cure of 30 min- 'Zinc oxide K doif' 10 10 H 10 7 1o utes at 230 F., followed by 10 to 16 hours air cure at N ii5%if; 5a;;; n:"' a 300 F. for curing the same thickness of conventional 7, 4mm- V 5 1o 7 720' monochlorotrifluoroethylene stock containing no N,N-

methylenebisacrylamide.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (2.8 HOURCURE) Table 1V 1 PRE U E TH OK SECTIONS OF KEL-F ELASTOMER Tensile (p.s.i.) 648 1,135 1,802 88 O R D I Elongation (percent). 1,350 668 481 209 go Modulus 300% (p.s.i.) 82 279 797 1, 733 N 0 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (16 HOUR CURE KelF elastomer ones too a Zinc Oxide (Kadox) 50 50 l i Benzoyl per 3 Tensile (p.s.i.) 1,029 1,866 2,050 3,016 65 N,N-Methyleneblsacryla nide 6 Elongation (percent). 568 430 '355 Press Cure (W' thick cavity) 6 minutes Modulus 300% (p.s.i.).- 429 919 1, 524 1 2,030 at 300 At 200 l n ation.

e 0 g 7 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES The data ofTabl'e II shows that 5 to 10 parts of N,N'- 3 7 methylenebisacrylamide is the most effective quantityif g gggg minute dwelltime) fg a low modulus is desired in the 2.8 hour cure. The 16 a r0u5 The plugs used in this exam le were made of plied ing increase in modulus. At 20 parts of accelerator; a up 30 mil films. The plugs were. cut open after cure,

' 'Pa'nd stock N was seen to be severely blown, whilestock acid in accordance with a "standard test procedure.

fluorotriethylene-vinylidene fluoride elastomer articles can The stock withstood the acid for some 40 R546 hours; indicatinggthat the resistance ofthis stockwa's'm'ore than adequate for protective footwear.

EXAMPLE VI A laminate was prepared comprised jof a layer" Osnaburg fabric frictioned on one side with rubberstock, and on the other side with the calendered laminated of monochlorofluorotriethylene-vinylidine chloride elastomer. stock. The laminatewas cured for 2 hours and 50 minutes in the above-described air-ammonia cnr'e, and examination showdboth the rubber ayer and the monochlorofluorotriethylenevinylidine chloride elastomer lay- 'er to be adequately cured. The sample was flexible,

EXAMPLE {IX+Oontinued PHYSICAL rRoPERfBtEs (2. a. HOURCURE IN AIR AMMONIA ATMOSPHERE AT 270 F.)

: Parts Ingredients U Stock DD Stock EE Stock FF ,Tenslle .s.1j),.=. 480 2,119 2, 737 ,Elongatlon (Percen 506 292 236 :1 Modulus 100% Elongation 215 705 1,275 Mpdulus 200% Elongation 292 1', 3.95 2, 333 I Modulus 300% Elongation. 350 2, 098

. a EXAMPL X 1 Parts Ingredients Stock GG Stock HH Stock U .20 Kelifi Eiastomer tlt). l00 100 100 Magnesium Oxide..- 10 10 Succinic Acid Peroxide 2.3 I 2.13 2. 5

.N.N'-Methyleneblsa rrl mi e PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (2.8

HOUR CURE IN AIR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (2.8 HOUR CURE IN AIR- AMMONIA ATMOS PHERE AT 270 F.)

N ,N'-Methylenebisaerylamlde..

on mills and calendars.

chemically resistant, and the fabric was strong and un- .25 v AMMONIA TMO P AT injuredJ Y I I Tensile .s.l.).- 930 2,438 2,007 In contrast to ihls a rubber iompound P Elongati n (Perceut).- 508 174 241 pared for cure at 16 hours at 280 F. (previously neces- Modulus 100% Eiongatlom- 275 1, 482 1, 220 sary for curing monochlorotr-ifiuorodiethylene-vinylidine l 452 2,809 fluorideelastomer) had, after such cure,svery.good physi- ,30 3 u 99 cal properties. It had no tensile strength and fractured I, g p when bent. ,p f 1 Good results'were obtained with the following com- 86 i f Y 1 1 fi position: i'j Ingredients Stock Stock Stock 1 Parts KK LL MM Kel-F elastomer j 100 Zinc oxide Q N 10 100 100 100 Benzoylperoxide V V p 7 Q3 10 1 N,N- yl nebi crylamid 6 a 1.5 1.5 1.5 'Carbon black (E.P.C.) .s- :2 0 15 Polyethylene s a j -10 1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIESIMHQUR CURE INAIR-AMMONIA The polyethylene was foundto ofierimproved acid re- ATMOSPHERE AT 270 F.) sistance and it alsoserved as a processing aid. Other p peroxides, such as di-tei'tiary-butyl peroxide, can be subg 'snsile (i .s.(i.) 1, 1, 246 1,

a, 11' H 0B 'BI'CGH stltutedfor the benzoyl peroxide. 1 v A gsq $8812 gi g is: v 0 one on a1on EXAMPLE VIII Modulus 300%: Elonatiomnn 750 1,082 1, 295

' I so v p Parts From the'fo'regomg, 1t W111 be apparent that the inven- Ingrediemi a f 1 tion has many advantages. The N,N'-methylenebisacryl- Stock'AA Stock BB steak oo amide is readily blended with the monochlorotrifiuora ethylene-vinylides fluoride elastomer at temperatures sufgifiel-F Elastonoafimd 1(1J0 11 m 100 ficiently elevated for easy mastication without decomfif ifi fi i ag 5 g 2 position or rap1d reaction with the elastomer. The N,N'- N, -Met;hylenebisacrylamide.. 0 10 15 methylenebisacrylamrde can 1n general be safely handled It has a low level of toxicity and apparently does not produce objectionable by-prodnets such as obnoxious gases.

p The decomposition products of the curing reaction do not produce gases in large enough volume to cause blowing or porosity in the elastomer. This makes it possible to cure solid, impervious and slabs of the monochlorotrifluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride elastomer.

. The present accelerator promotes rapid cures of mono- 'chlorotrifluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride elastomer at a "low concentration and therefore it 'does not detract from the physical properties.

This, coupled with its low cost,

mimakes.it-a'yeryeconomical. aocelerator. Since it is a whitecrystalline powder, it is ideal for light colored monochlorotrifluoroethylene-vinylidene fluoride elastomer et d I While it lisfnot to limit the invention to any Jel- Pa isan; ew f, se ret n i arr r P s that the N,N-methylenebisacrylamide is activated by the peroxide to produce a free radical which in turn is more reactive than the peroxide. In this connection it is interesting to compare the structures of acrylamide and N,N- methylenebisacrylamide:

ll NHC--CH=CH2 Acrylamide N,N'Methylenebisacrylamide One will note that the structures are identical except that in the his compound two molecules of acrylamide are connected by a methylene group. Although the structures are similar, the acrylarnide fails to accelerate the cure, whereas the N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide most surprisingly has a powerful accelerating action. This is a particularly unexpected result in that amine compounds commonly poison or neutralize the eifect of peroxides. The uniqueness of this new accelerating action by N,N'- methylenebisacrylamide is emphasized by the fact that numerous tests were made in attempts to duplicate this action with other chemicals, but they all failed.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is:

1. In that method of curing a saturated elastomer which is a copolymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride, the said copolymer containing from 5% to 70% of vinylidene fluoride copolymerized therein, in which 100 parts of the said elastomer is heated in admixture with from 1 to 5 parts of a peroxide as a curing agent, the said peroxide being relatively stable at temperatures at which said elastomer is conventionally compounded, the improvement which comprises the step of carrying out the said cure in admixture with from 1 to 20 parts of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide as an accelerator, the said cure being carried out at a temperature of from 150 to 350 F. for a period of from 5 minutes to 24 hours.

2. A method as in claim 1 in which the said peroxide is an organic peroxide.

3. A method as in claim 2 in which the said organic peroxide is benzoyl peroxide.

4. A method of curing saturated elastomer which is a copolymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride, said copolymer containing from 5% to 70% of vinylidene fluoride copolymerized therein, comprising heating 100 parts of the said elastomer at a temperature of from 150 to 350 F". for a period of from 5 minutes to 24 hours in admixture with from 1 to 5 parts of benzoyl peroxide as a curing agent, from 1 to 20 parts of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide as an accelerator, and from 3 to parts of zinc oxide.

5. A vulcanizate comprising 100 parts of a saturated elastomer which is a copolymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride, said copolymer containing from 5% to of vinylidene fluoride copolymerized therein, cured with from 1 to 5 parts of a peroxide as a curing agent and from 1 to 20 parts of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide as an accelerator, the said peroxide being relatively stable at temperatures at which said elastomer is conventionally compounded.

6. A vulcanizate as in claim 5 in which the peroxide is benzoyl peroxide.

7. A vulcanizate as in claim 6, containing zinc oxide.

8. A method of making a laminated article having a layer made of unsaturated, vulcanizable rubber and a layer made of a saturated elastomer which is a copolymer of monochlorotrifiuoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride, containing from 5% to 70% of vinylidene fluoride, comprising compounding said unsaturated, vulcanizable rubber for sulfur vulcanization, compounding parts of said saturated elastomer with from 1 to 5 parts of a peroxide as a curing agent and from 1 to 20 parts of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide as an accelerator, whereby the compounded unsaturated, vulcanizable rubber has a curing rate substantially similar to the curing rate of the compounded saturated elastomer, laminating the resulting two compounded stocks, and curing the laminate at a temperature of from to 350 F. for a period of from 5 minutes to 24 hours.

Lundberg July 12, 1949 Honn et a1. May 6, 1958 

8. A METHOD OF MAKING A LAMINATED ARTICLE HAVING A LAYER MADE OF UNSATURATED, VULCANIZABLE RUBBER AND A LAYER MADE OF A SATURATED ELASTOMER WHICH IS A COPOLYMER OF MONOCHLOROTRIFLUOROETHYLENE AND VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE, CONTAINING FROM 5% TO 70% OF VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE, COMPRISING OCMPOUNDING SAID UNSATURATED, VULCANIZABLE RUBBER FOR SULFUR VULCANIZATION, COMPOUNDING 100 PARTS OF SAID SATURATED ELASTEMER WITH FROM 1 TO 5 PARTS OF A PEROZIDE AS A CURING AGENT AND FROM 1 TO 20 PARTS OF N,N''-METHYLENEBISACRYLAMIDE AS AN ACCELERATOR, WHEREBY THE COMPOUNDED UNSATURATED, VULCANIZABLE RUBBER HAS A CURING RATE SUBSTANTIALLY SIMILAR TO THE CURING RATE OF THE COMPOUNDED SATURATED ELASTOMER, LAMINATING THE RESULTING TWO COMPOUNDED STOCKS, AND CURING THE LAMINATE AT A TEMPERATURE OF FROM 150* TO 350*F. FOR A PERIOD OF FROM 5 MINUTES TO 24 HOURS. 